The crypto tax CSV: every field your accountant needs

The file your accountant actually wants has one row per event and nine columns: timestamp in UTC, venue or account, transaction type, base asset and amount, counter asset and amount, fee with its currency, and a transaction id or reference. Everything else in crypto tax prep is reconstruction, and reconstruction is billed by the hour.

The columns, one by one

• Timestamp, UTC: local times shift with travel and daylight saving; UTC ends the ambiguity.
• Venue: which exchange, wallet or protocol the event happened on. Cost basis lives or dies by this.
• Type: buy, sell, swap, transfer in, transfer out, income, fee. A controlled vocabulary, not prose.
• Base asset and amount: what changed hands, in asset units, not just dollars.
• Counter asset and amount: what it changed hands for, including stablecoins.
• Fee and fee currency: fees adjust your cost basis and they add up.
• Transaction id: the on-chain hash or exchange reference that makes any row provable.

Transfers: the rows everyone gets wrong

Moving coins from an exchange to your own wallet is generally not a taxable event (rules vary by country), but if your file does not record both legs as a linked transfer, tax software reads the exchange leg as a disposal and the wallet leg as income from nowhere. Phantom gains, phantom income, real letters from the tax office. Every transfer needs its pair.

DeFi rows without tears

Liquidity added and removed, staking rewards claimed, airdrops received: each is a row with a type, a timestamp and a fair value at the time. Rewards and airdrops are generally income when received in most jurisdictions; entering and exiting an LP can be a disposal depending on where you live. The file does not decide the treatment. It gives your accountant the facts to decide with.

Where the file comes from

Manually: every exchange exports its own CSV in its own dialect, and you merge them in a spreadsheet, once, angrily. Or a tracker that already watches all venues writes the consolidated file for you. TrueHold Premium exports exactly this: cost basis, realized PnL, transfers and DeFi events, broken out by venue and chain, in one pass. A venue TrueHold cannot read can still be added as a manual account, typed in or imported from that venue’s own CSV.

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